1. Anti-tumor effect
In the study of the effect of α-pinene on non-small cell lung cancer, Zhang Z et al. dealt with A549 cells with α-pinene and paclitaxel. The outcomes revealed that α-pinene can certainly advertise tumor cell apoptosis. This is generally due to the synergistic impact when integrated with paclitaxel. Additional study on the system reveals that when α-pinene is utilized in combination with paclitaxel, the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 stage can be significantly enhanced, and also there are adjustments in cell morphology, such as adjustments in chromatin condensation and also nuclear fragmentation, which can lead to lump cell apoptosis.
2. Antifungal effect
The primary components of the cell wall of Candida albicans are chitin, glucose and mannan, the chemical composition of the cell membrane is generally ergosterol, the nucleic acid is generally DNA, and also a percentage of RNA. The synthesis of these components can cause the death of bacterial cells. Xia Zhongdi and others located that α-pinene has noticeable inhibitory results on the synthesis of chitin as well as polysaccharide components in the cell wall of Yeast infection albicans, the synthesis of ergosterol in the cell membrane layer, and the synthesis of nucleic acid DNA and also RNA, and the restraint of ergosterol synthesis is much more evident. Pichette A et al. likewise found that α-pinene has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and also antioxidant impacts.
3. Anti-allergy and boost ulcer impact
In the research of Nam SY et al. on the inhibitory result of α-pinene on hay fever in mice, it was found that the expression of IL-4 in spleen lymphocytes lowered, and the IgE, α-TNF, ICAM-1 as well as macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in nasal mucosa decreased. Enhanced eosinophils as well as mast cells in mice were also significantly minimized after α-pinene therapy. On top of that, in the research of α-pinene on human mast cell line HMC-1, α-pinene can prevent the tasks of phosphorylated RIP2, IKK-β, NF-κB as well as caspase-1 after sensitization. For that reason, alpha-pinene is taken into consideration an anti-allergic representative.
In the research study of boosting abscess, Pinheiro Mde A et al. treated stomach ulcers in computer mice with α-pinene drawn out from oil, as well as found that α-pinene had considerable anti-ulcer task.
In addition to the above pharmacological results, α-pinene also has anti-anxiety medicine activity, antioxidant effect, as well as insect repellent effects.
Turpentine is a kind of crucial oil acquired by handling and also removing pine material produced by Pinaceae plants. It is a crucial oil with substantial result as well as low cost worldwide today. As one of the most crucial components of turpentine, α-pinene is not just widely utilized in the chemical industry, but additionally has good pharmacological impacts in the clinical area. It is wished that α-pinene can be further studied in the fields of medication and also chemical sector, and also give a great possibility for the growth and application of α-pinene in the future.