Lithium Naphthalene is the simplest condensed aromatic hydrocarbon composed of two benzene rings, commonly known as “sanitary ball”. Naphthalene occurs in industry in the form of crude naphthalene (industrial and pressed naphthalene) and refined naphthalene. The melting point is 80.28°C, the solid density is 1.145g/cm3, the liquid density (85°C) is 0.9752g/cm3, the specific heat capacity (100°C) is 1809J/(kg·K), and the refractive index (85°C) is 1.5898. Naphthalene is a colorless monoclinic crystal, volatile, sublimating, has a special odor, is flammable, and can form explosive mixtures with air; its petroleum ether solution is red-purple fluorescent under a mercury lamp, almost insoluble in water, soluble in ether, Alcohol, benzene and other solvents. Naphthalene vapor and dust can be poisoned when inhaled into the human body or absorbed through the skin, and the maximum allowable concentration in the air is 20mg/m3. Naphthalene is one of the basic raw materials for industries such as dyes, plastics, paints, medicines and pesticides. Naphthalene is more prone to substitution reactions than benzene—halogenation, nitration, sulfonation and Friedel-Crafts reactions. The electron density on the α-carbon atom is higher, and the rate of generating the α-substituted product is faster; the β-substituted product is more stable. The ratio of α- and β-substituted products in the substitution reaction depends on factors such as the nature of the reagents, catalysts, solvents, and temperature. For example, the halogenation and nitration reactions are irreversible, and generally produce mainly α-substituted products, in which the bromination reaction can occur without a catalyst.
The sulfonation reaction is reversible. When the temperature is low, the main product is α-naphthalene sulfonic acid. When the temperature is high, the main product is β-naphthalene sulfonic acid. When the temperature is increased, α-naphthalene sulfonic acid can be converted into more Stabilized beta-naphthalenesulfonic acid:
The sulfonation reaction is reversible. When the temperature is low, the main product is α-naphthalene sulfonic acid. When the temperature is high, the main product is β-naphthalene sulfonic acid. When the temperature is increased, α-naphthalene sulfonic acid can be converted into more Stabilized beta-naphthalenesulfonic acid:
Lithium Naphthalene Properties:
Melting point
80-82 °C (lit.)
Boiling point
218 °C (lit.)
density
0.99
vapor density
4.4 (vs air)
vapor pressure
0.03 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index
1.5821
Fp
174 °F
storage temp.
Store below +30°C.
solubility
methanol: soluble50mg/mL, clear, colorless
form
Faint beige to brown to salmon red powder
color
White to almost white
Specific Gravity
1.145
explosive limit
0.9-5.9%(V)
Water Solubility
30 mg/L (25 ºC)
Lithium Naphthalene Uses
Lithium Naphthalene is mainly used in the production of phthalic anhydride, and is also the basic raw material for the preparation of dyes, medicines, plastics, etc.It can be used in the production of color intermediates, diffusing agents, water decreasing representatives, and so on.
Lithium Naphthalene is a raw material in the production of pesticides. It can be made into methyl naphthol and ethyl naphthol, and it can also be oxidized into phthalic anhydride to further generate phthalimide. It can also be combined with chloroacetic acid to generate naphthalene acetic acid. It can be used as intermediates of pesticides iminophos, carbaryl, herbicides bentazone, napropamide, plant growth regulators naphthalene acetic acid and naphthalene oxyacetic acid.
Lithium Naphthalene is used as a solvent for insoluble dye crystallization in organic analysis.Figure out molecular weight. Colorimetric Requirement. Criterion for the resolution of carbon and hydrogen by natural microanalysis. Crystalline organic scintillator in liquid scintillation counting. Calibrate the thermometer. Organic Synthesis.
Lithium Naphthalene Production Method
The preparation method of Lithium Naphthalene is: in high temperature coal tar (naphthalene accounts for about 8% to 12%), after the tar is distilled to cut off the light oil fraction and the phenol oil fraction, the 210-230 ℃ fraction is cut to obtain the naphthalene oil fraction. The naphthalene oil fraction is cooled and crystallized to obtain crude naphthalene with a naphthalene content of 75%, and then the crude naphthalene is filtered, dried and pressed to obtain a pressed block with a naphthalene content of 96% to 98%, and the pressed naphthalene is melted. Add sulfuric acid to wash and purify, then use 10% sodium hydroxide to neutralize and remove phenol, then carry out distillation to remove water, collect 100-130°C fractions, and finally crystallize to obtain finished products. If it is made from petroleum hydrocarbons, its raw materials are derived from catalytic heavy reformate oil, catalytic cracking refined cycle oil, and by-product tar from cracking to produce ethylene.
Lithium Naphthalene - Crystallization Refinement
Using the principle of redistribution of components between liquid-solid two phases during cooling and crystallization of molten crude naphthalene, the process of purifying naphthalene through multiple melting and crystallization. It is one of the processes for refining crude naphthalene obtained by processing naphthalene oil fractions. Impurities in crude naphthalene generally lower the melting point of naphthalene, so when the liquid crude naphthalene is slowly cooled, naphthalene crystallizes first, while impurities accumulate in the liquid phase. If the precipitated naphthalene is melted and crystallized again, the crystal purity of the precipitated naphthalene is further improved. Strictly control the temperature and speed of the melting and crystallization process, and finally high-purity refined naphthalene products can be obtained. The naphthalene melt-crystallization purification can be performed continuously, semi-continuously or batchwise.The main impurity in industrial naphthalene is thiase, whose boiling point is only 2°C away from that of naphthalene, so it is difficult to remove by distillation, and their crystallization points differ by 48°C, so it is more appropriate to use melting-crystallization method to remove them. Separation and purification of naphthalene. Brief history of development: In 1952, W.G.Pfann first proposed the melting-crystallization refining technology (regional melting), which is mainly used for the purification of semiconductors and metal materials, and can also be used for the purification of organic compounds. The French Proabude company used this method to carry out the test of purifying naphthalene, and in 1962 realized the industrial production in the UK. Later, the Brody method of Australia Union Carbide Company and the Sulzer method of Switzerland appeared to purify naphthalene by melting-crystallization refining process. In 1985, China built the Brody method refined naphthalene plant, and then successively built some Proabd-type plants. Process flow: There are three methods: Brody method, Sulzer method and Proabude method.
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