ranezolid (LinezolidZyvox, U-100766, PNU-100766, linezolid, linezolid, morpholinox, morpholinox) is a new type of oxazolidone developed and produced by Pharmacia & Upiohn Company of the United States (acquired by Pfizer). It is a synthetic antibacterial drug, which was approved by the US FDA on April 18, 2000. This item is the initial medicine authorized for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in the USA in 40 years.Listed in my country, it belongs to the class B drug of medical insurance.
Linezolid Cost Properties:
Melting point
176-1780C
alpha
D20 -9° (c = 0.919 in chloroform)
Boiling point
585.5±50.0 °C(Predicted)
density
1.302±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
storage temp.
room temp
solubility
DMSO: >20mg/mL
pka
15.53±0.46(Predicted)
form
powder
color
white to off-white
Linezolid Cost Uses
Linezolid Cost is a fully synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic
Linezolid Cost is an oxazolidinone antibiotic. By selectively binding to sites on the 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid of the 50S subunit, it inhibits the translation process of bacterial ribosomes and prevents the formation of initiation complexes containing the 70S ribosomal subunit.
Linezolid Cost is used as an antipyretic and analgesic API.
Linezolid Cost can inhibit bacterial mRNA translation.
Linezolid Cost indications
Linezolid can be used to treat the following infections caused by susceptible strains of certain microorganisms: 1. Infection (including concomitant bacteremia) caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. 2. Hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive or resistant strains) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (including multidrug-resistant strains (MDRSP)). 3. Complicated skin and skin and soft tissue infections (including diabetic foot infections without osteomyelitis) caused by Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-sensitive or resistant strains), Streptococcus pyogenes or Streptococcus agalactiae. 4. Uncomplicated skin and skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (only methicillin-sensitive strains) or Streptococcus pyogenes. 5. Community-acquired pneumonia (including concomitant bacteremia) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (including MDRSP) or community-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (only methicillin-susceptible strains).
Indications and medical uses of Linezolid Cost
Indications:
Linezolid is a synthetic oxazolidinone antibacterial drug developed by Pharmacia and Upjohn for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to several other antibiotics. Linezolid is active against most disease-causing Gram-positive bacteria, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is used to treat skin infections and pneumonia, but may be used for other infections, such as drug-resistant tuberculosis. The method of use is oral or intravenous injection.
Medical Use:
Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic indicated primarily for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive (G+) cocci, including suspected or confirmed hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (HAP), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), complicated skin or skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infections.
Necessity of Drug Concentration Monitoring for Linezolid Cost
Linezolid has a narrow therapeutic window (C0 = 2-7 μg/mL), and the trough concentration can vary up to 20-fold between individuals. It is metabolized by non-liver enzymes, and about 35% is excreted by the kidneys in the original form, and no dose adjustment is required for patients with mild to moderate hepatic insufficiency and renal insufficiency. However, studies have shown that when patients with renal insufficiency use conventional doses of linezolid, the incidence of thrombocytopenia and anemia is significantly higher than that in patients with normal renal function, which is related to the persistently high concentration of linezolid. In addition, the plasma concentration of linezolid in critically ill patients varies greatly among individuals and interacts with certain drugs. In patients with longer courses of treatment, linezolid exhibits an accumulative effect; in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), increased drug clearance can affect effective drug concentrations. Therefore, drug concentration monitoring can provide individualized medication guidance for patients and ensure the effectiveness and safety of medication.
Development History of New Linezolid Cost
Antibacterial activity of oxazolidinones reported for the first time In 1978, the famous American DuPont researchers first disclosed that oxazolidinone derivatives have bacteriostatic effect. Subsequently, DuPont researchers reported that the oxazolidinone compound S1623 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity in vitro (MICs against Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were 22-3g/mL and 7.7g/mL, respectively) .
In 1987, through further structural optimization of S1623, DuPont disclosed two candidate compounds, DuP-105 and DuP-721. Studies have shown that these two compounds have significant inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria including MRSA, and animal experiments have also shown that they have good drug metabolism properties.
Regrettably, DuP-105 and DuP-721 showed significant toxicity in late-stage clinical trials, and eventually these two compounds were forced to stop development. However, such compounds have begun to attract the attention of researchers because of their novel structures and novel mechanisms of action. Upjohn Company designed and synthesized linezolid for the first time Based on the early research results of DuPont, Upjohn Company, also from the United States, established a special antibacterial research team of oxazolidinone compounds to continue to study this novel discovery. After structure-activity analysis, Upjohn wanted to limit the rotation direction of the compound DuP-721 methyl ketone by introducing a five-membered or six-membered ring to investigate its effect on the antibacterial activity. The researchers designed and synthesized a number of oxazolidinone compounds incorporating indanone structural units. They found that compound U-82965 had similar antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic characteristics to DuP-721 designed by DuPont.
In 1989, it was at this time that DuP-105 and DuP-721 were reported to be severely toxic in clinical trials. This report suggests that U-82965 from Upjohn may also be aborted as a result. In order to thoroughly understand whether oxazolidinones can control their severe toxicity through structural modification, Upjohn’s pharmacologist Piper Richard designed a toxicity comparison test for this purpose. -82965 and racemic DuP-721 were subjected to a comparative toxicity evaluation test in rats, orally, twice a day, 100 mg/kg each time, for 30 consecutive days. The experimental results found that some rats in the DuP-721 experimental group showed serious toxic side effects, while the U-82965 experimental group showed few serious side effects. This result is very fortunate for Upjohn researchers. However, Upjohn later discovered that DuPont’s earlier patent had already carried out structural protection for the oxazolidinones that introduced the indanone building block. In fact, as a real scientific researcher, at this time, it should be very calm. The toxicity comparison test of Upjohn’s U-82965 and DuP2721 (only the difference between cyclic and methyl ketone) has confirmed that not only the two In a more distant sense, this experiment confirms that the oxazolidinones can approach perfection through structural modification. Next, Upjohn’s researchers focused on molecular design based on the active core structure of U-82965 and avoiding DuPont’s patent restrictions. To this end, researchers designed and synthesized a class of fused heterocyclic oxazolidinone analogs U-97456 and U-85910. Animal experiments showed that both showed high safety, and U-97456 also showed Significantly improved antibacterial activity and excellent pharmacokinetic properties.
With the in-depth study of structure-activity relationship of such compounds, and the structural characteristics of oxazolidinone compounds with drug prospects developed by peers, for example, the successfully marketed antibacterial drug fluoroquinolone has introduced the key piperidine at the 7-position. The introduction of fluorine atoms into the core of oxazinyl and quinolone can significantly improve the antibacterial activity of the compound. DuPont also reported in 1990 that the 4-pyridyl compound E-3709 has potent antibacterial activity. Upjohn has designed and synthesized 4-piperazinyl oxazolidinone derivatives, and introduced 1~2 fluorine atoms on the 3-position benzene ring of oxazolidinone. These compounds all show good performance. Safety and antibacterial activity.
Pharmacological studies have shown that the monofluoro-substituted piperazine ring derivatives not only have good in vitro and in vivo activities, but also have acceptable safety, water solubility and good pharmacokinetic properties. Upjohn selected the monofluoro-substituted piperazine ring series of oxazolidinone derivatives as the focus of further development.
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The production base is located in Zhangqiu chemical industry park and Tai’an high-tech chemical industry park. laboratory and workshop in strict accordance with the GMP standard and the product fit national ISO9001 and ISO2000 standards.
“Zhishang” products are exported to Europe, North and South America, the Middle East, Asia Pacific and Africa area, so as to establish a long-term and stable cooperation relationship with customer in the world.
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