1. Preparation of ethyl levulinate by straight esterification
The direct prep work of levulinic acid esters by levulinic acid esterification has attracted much attention, particularly the target substance ethyl levulinate produced by the response of levulinic acid and also ethanol. The reaction mechanism is shown in the number.

In the preparation of ethyl levulinate, high task, simple to different, much less air pollution, recyclable strong acid drivers and also various other environment-friendly drivers are usually utilized today. TiO2/SO2 -4 strong superacid driver (referred to as BST type stimulant) with molecular filter as the carrier, ethanol and also levulinic acid as basic materials, V alcohol: V acid = 5:6, the stimulant dosage is 5% of the mass of levulinic acid, In an oil bath at 110 ° C for 1.5 h. After the response was completed, ethyl levulinate was obtained by purification under decreased stress, with a return of 96.5%.
2. Acid-catalyzed alcoholysis conversion of biomass to prepare ethyl levulinate
Under specific problems, ethyl levulinate can be prepared from biomass through catalytic alcoholysis. Currently, there are a great deal of study records on the preparation of ethyl levulinate via alcoholysis of basic materials such as glucose, cellulose as well as wheat straw at home as well as abroad.
3. Preparation of ethyl levulinate by alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol
Furfuryl alcohol is an important natural chemical resources, which can be lowered from furfural. The furfuryl alcohol alcoholysis technique is to manufacture ethyl levulinate by heating furfuryl alcohol under acidic problems, and furfuryl alcohol is quickly polymerized under acidic conditions, so furfuryl alcohol needs to be included slowly to lessen its secure focus. The reaction process of preparing ethyl levulinate by alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol is shown in the figure.

Experiments reveal that catalytic task: sulfuric acid > macroporous material > gel material > molecular screen, the results show that although ion exchange material is utilized as stimulant, ethanol: furfuryl alcohol = 2.7: 1, the yield is not the highest possible at 125 ° C for 5 hours, but it can still Up to 90%. Lange thinks that the ion exchange resin with low focus has very high porosity, so it is hard to create ether as a spin-off.