How Dare Ferulic Acid be Called an Anti-Aging Artifact?
What is Ferulic Acid?
Hearing “ferulic acid” may feel a little unfamiliar, or associate it with “fruit acid” products. Basically, it has nothing to do with “fruit acid”.
The reason why ferulic acid is called ferulic acid is that the organic acid isolated from ferulic acid in 1866 is the precursor of plant cell wall structure-lignin, which is an important part of plant sterol complexes. share. A wide range of organic acids present in angelica, rice, brown rice, and corn, belonging to phenolic compounds, are fat-soluble antioxidant substances.
Sadly, it’s quite expensive so it’s not widely used in makeup, but if you can afford it, it’s definitely worth the money.
Ferulic acid is an ingredient found in a variety of plants.
An organic acid isolated from ferulic acid in 1866. The cell wall of plants relies on ferulic acid to bind cellopolysaccharides and proteins together to form a strong structure.
Beneficial effects on the human body: For example: anti-radical, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer, inhibiting blood coagulation, and protecting kidney and liver cells.
How Amazing is Ferulic Acid For The Skin?
1. Antioxidant Effect
When the amount of VE ferulate in lard reached 0.06%, it showed obvious antioxidant activity.
The study on the antioxidant capacity of menthyl ferulate in vitro showed that when the concentration of menthyl ferulate was greater than 200 μmol/L, a strong antioxidant effect could be produced.
Xiao Ming used the DPPH method to investigate the antioxidant capacity of ferulic acid and its esters. The results showed that the concentration of ferulic acid, ethyl ferulic acid, dodecyl ferulic acid, and 2-ethylhexyl ferulic acid was 25 μmol. /L~44μmol/L has a better clear effect on DPPH free radicals, IC50 (the concentration of the inhibitor when it is inhibited by half),
Ferulic acid diglyceride not only has improved water solubility, but also has good antioxidant capacity.
Resveratrol ferulate has good antioxidant activity. Resveratrol ferulate effectively reduces the level of reactive oxygen species in keratinocytes in a dose-dependent manner, so it can be used in cosmetics as an antioxidant.
2. Whitening Effect
Current research shows that ferulate mainly reduces the production of melanin by inhibiting tyrosinase, and finally achieves the effect of whitening the skin.
Ferulic acid itself is safe and effective and does not inhibit the growth of melanocytes.
Isooctyl ferulate has good inhibitory effect on monophenolase and diphenolase of tyrosinase. It is mainly manifested in that the lag time of the catalytic reaction of monophenolase is significantly prolonged, while the inhibition of diphenolase is competitive inhibition. The IC50 (5.3mmol/L) of arbutin is much lower, so it can be used as a tyrosinase inhibitor in whitening products.
α-Tocopherol ferulate 30μg/mL dissolved in lecithin can inhibit the production of melanin without inhibiting the growth of melanocytes. Therefore, α-tocopherol ferulate can be used as an effective whitening agent in cosmetics to improve facial pigmentation.
3. Sunscreen Effect
It has been reported in the literature that ferulic acid ester can achieve the effect of sunscreen by reducing the damage of ultraviolet rays to human skin.
DiDomenico et al. found that the melanocytes treated with ethyl ferulate can reduce the production of reactive oxygen species by UV irradiation of human melanocytes.
In addition, ethyl ferulate can prevent the induction of iNOS (Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, which is a catalytic enzyme for the production of NOS reactive nitrogen free radicals in the body), thereby inhibiting the formation of nitric oxide NO-derived oxidants. generation.
Therefore, ethyl ferulate is also believed to reduce skin damage caused by UV radiation and can be used in cosmetics as a sunscreen.
That is, if ethyl ferulate is added to whitening products, it can not only inhibit tyrosinase for whitening, but also start from daily sunscreen to reduce the chance of getting tanned! Awesome, my ferulic acid Sour comrade!
4. Antibacterial Effect
Studies have shown that isopropyl ferulate, isobutyl ferulate and isoamyl ferulate have good inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are 50 μg/mL and 12.5 μg/mL, respectively. , 50μg/mL.
The experimenter’s research showed that ferulic acid cyclohexyl ester directly synthesized with ferulic acid and cyclohexanol as raw materials under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid has inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, and the MIC value is 29.10μg/mL.
Therefore, ferulic acid esters with bacteriostatic effect can be added to cosmetics to reduce the use of preservatives, thereby making cosmetics safer and non-irritating.
Other Applications of Ferulic Acid Esterase
Because this type of phenolic acid has antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-ultraviolet, antioxidant and other effects, FAE is widely used in various industries. However, because these phenolic acid molecules contain double bonds, and the alkanes are relatively short, which increases the hydrophilicity and weakens the solubility of fats, thereby affecting their transportation and utilization in the human body, they are largely used in oily foods. and cosmetics. The study found that FA combined with sugar, alcohol or lipid matrix in the form of ester bond can significantly improve the fat solubility of ferulic acid and increase its stability.
Ferulic acid esterase, as an essential auxiliary enzyme to complete the hydrolysis of lignocellulose, has been effectively used to generate bioethanol and other products. Combining ferulic acid esterase with other hydrolases and oxidases can significantly promote the decomposition of plant material, improve the utilization of fermentable carbohydrates and release phenols and toxic esters, which inhibit the pretreatment of lignocellulose Fermentation process of vegetarian materials. Based on this, some researchers try to improve the catalytic efficiency or substrate affinity by constructing fusion proteins based on ferulic acid esterase and other enzymes. In addition to high catalytic activity, enzymes used in industrial production processes must also be able to withstand extreme conditions, such as high temperatures. In order to improve the heat resistance of ferulic acid esterase, many research groups have used different strategies to construct a variety of ferulic acid esterase mutants, which can withstand high temperature in biological processes.
Ferulic acid and other hydroxycinnamic acids are phenolic phytochemicals with unique and potent properties that are widely used in the food and cosmetic industries as antioxidants, sunscreen factors, depigmenting agents, etc. [36]. Hydroxycinnamic acid such as ferulic acid can be used as a carrier for VC and VE to enhance skin photoprotection, and at the same time, due to its stronger lipophilicity, it can better penetrate into the stratum corneum. At the same time, they also have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-thrombotic and other medicinal effects and health care functions.
FAE-A can effectively increase the content of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IgG in the serum of mice, confirming that FA has the effect of promoting the immune function of mice. The use of oligosaccharide ferulate can increase serum insulin levels in rats and reduce blood sugar levels, and is not affected by whether the rats are pregnant or not. However, some studies have shown that in terms of blood sugar metabolism, corn husk oligosaccharide ferulate can only reduce blood sugar in STZ-induced diabetic rats, but has no obvious effect on healthy rats. In terms of intestinal microecology, corn husk oligosaccharide ferulate can regulate the abundance of diabetes-related flora, effectively increase the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora, and also significantly increase the content of short fatty acids in the intestinal tract of rats .
In the pulp and paper industry, in order to produce high-quality paper, mills often use chlorides to remove lignin that tends to make the pulp black in the traditional pulp and paper process to obtain high-quality pulp, but during the removal process produces Wastewater containing a large amount of aromatic toxic pollutants, causing serious pollution to the environment, goes against the concept of sustainable development. Therefore, enterprise production seeks chloride substitutes in order to achieve the purpose of environmental protection. It has been found that ferulic acid esterase can hydrolyze the ferulic acid ester bonds of lignin and carbohydrates connected between plant cell walls, so ferulic acid esterase is widely used in various enterprises as a substitute for lignin removal.
In the feed industry, fiber digestibility is an important criterion for determining the quality of animal feed. Low fiber digestibility can easily lead to indigestion in animals, which in turn hinders biological growth, induces immune stress responses, reduces feed conversion ratio, and ultimately reduces breeding yields. Studies have found that ferulic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid are beneficial to the health of animals, but ferulic acidification of plant cell wall components is one of the main inhibitory factors in the digestive system of ruminants. Adding ferulic acid esterase to feed can accelerate the degradation of plant cell wall components, improve fiber digestion of phytonutrients, and at the same time improve animal digestibility of feed and promote animal growth and development.
How to Use Ferulic Acid to be Valuable
For ideal outcomes, clean dry skin with a couple of declines of a ferulic acid product or cream every early morning as well as utilize your fingers to delicately spread out the item uniformly over your face. Follow with moisturiser and also sun block. A couple of declines on the neck and also chest are recommended to safeguard this area.
Although ferulic acid can be utilized two times a day, skin specialists advise sticking with it once daily in the early morning. In some cases you see them in doses twice a day since they feel like a few of them assist repair the mechanisms that happen in the evening when we rest, the majority of our damages is generally in the early morning and also in the evening when it’s repaired, and also some Something functions better.
If you make use of an exfoliating acid, use it in the evening, not at the same time as your item, which is made to counteract totally free extreme damage as well as is really breakable. When you use particular acids like glycolic or salicylic acid, it alters the pH of your skin. So you do not wish to incorporate layer after layer of acids on your skin, due to the fact that they can change the pH, which consequently alters the effectiveness of anti-oxidants.